/*
 * Java Genetic Algorithm Library (jenetics-8.1.0).
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2024 Franz Wilhelmstötter
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * Author:
 *    Franz Wilhelmstötter (franz.wilhelmstoetter@gmail.com)
 */
package io.jenetics.stat;

import static java.lang.String.format;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import io.jenetics.util.Streams;

/**
 * This <i>consumer</i> class is used for calculating the min and max value
 * according to the given {@code Comparator}.
 * <p>
 * This class is designed to work with (though does not require) streams. For
 * example, you can compute minimum and maximum values with:
 * {@snippet lang="java":
 * final Stream<Integer> stream = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
 * final MinMax<Integer> minMax = stream.collect(
 *         MinMax::of,
 *         MinMax::accept,
 *         MinMax::combine
 *     );
 * }
 *
 * @implNote
 * This implementation is not thread safe. However, it is safe to use on a
 * parallel stream, because the parallel implementation of
 * {@link java.util.stream.Stream#collect Stream.collect()}provides the
 * necessary partitioning, isolation, and merging of results for safe and
 * efficient parallel execution.
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:franz.wilhelmstoetter@gmail.com">Franz Wilhelmstötter</a>
 * @since 3.0
 * @version 6.0
 */
public final class MinMax<C> implements Consumer<C> {

        private final Comparator<? super C> _comparator;

        private C _min;
        private C _max;
        private long _count = 0L;

        private MinMax(final Comparator<? super C> comparator) {
                _comparator = requireNonNull(comparator);
        }

        /**
         * Accept the element for min-max calculation.
         *
         * @param object the element to use for min-max calculation
         */
        @Override
        public void accept(final C object) {
                _min = min(_comparator, _min, object);
                _max = max(_comparator, _max, object);
                ++_count;
        }

        /**
         * Combine two {@code MinMax} objects.
         *
         * @param other the other {@code MinMax} object to combine
         * @return {@code this}
         * @throws java.lang.NullPointerException if the {@code other} object is
         *         {@code null}.
         */
        public MinMax<C> combine(final MinMax<C> other) {
                _min = min(_comparator, _min, other._min);
                _max = max(_comparator, _max, other._max);
                _count += other._count;

                return this;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the count of values recorded.
         *
         * @return the count of recorded values
         */
        public long count() {
                return _count;
        }

        /**
         * Return the current minimal object or {@code null} if no element has been
         * accepted yet.
         *
         * @return the current minimal object
         */
        public C min() {
                return _min;
        }

        /**
         * Return the current maximal object or {@code null} if no element has been
         * accepted yet.
         *
         * @return the current maximal object
         */
        public C max() {
                return _max;
        }

        /**
         * Compares the state of two {@code LongMomentStatistics} objects. This is
         * a replacement for the {@link #equals(Object)} which is not advisable to
         * implement for this mutable object. If two objects have the same state, it
         * has still the same state when updated with the same value.
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final MinMax<Long> mm1 = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
         * final MinMax<Long> mm2 = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
         *
         * if (mm1.sameState(mm2)) {
         *     final long value = random.nextInt(1_000_000);
         *     mm1.accept(value);
         *     mm2.accept(value);
         *
         *     assert mm1.sameState(mm2);
         *     assert mm2.sameState(mm1);
         *     assert mm1.sameState(mm1);
         * }
         * }
         *
         * @since 3.7
         *
         * @param other the other object for the test
         * @return {@code true} the {@code this} and the {@code other} objects have
         *         the same state, {@code false} otherwise
         */
        public boolean sameState(final MinMax<C> other) {
                return this == other ||
                        Objects.equals(_min, other._min) &&
                        Objects.equals(_max, other._max);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
                return format("MinMax[count=%d, min=%s, max=%s]", _count, _min, _max);
        }

        /* *************************************************************************
         *  Some static helper methods.
         * ************************************************************************/

        /**
         * Return the minimum of two values, according the given comparator.
         * {@code null} values are allowed.
         *
         * @param comp the comparator used for determining the min value
         * @param a the first value to compare
         * @param b the second value to compare
         * @param <T> the type of the compared objects
         * @return the minimum value, or {@code null} if both values are {@code null}.
         *         If only one value is {@code null}, the non {@code null} values is
         *         returned.
         */
        public static <T> T
        min(final Comparator<? super T> comp, final T a, final T b) {
                return a != null ? b != null ? comp.compare(a, b) <= 0 ? a : b : a : b;
        }

        /**
         * Return the maximum of two values, according the given comparator.
         * {@code null} values are allowed.
         *
         * @param comp the comparator used for determining the max value
         * @param a the first value to compare
         * @param b the second value to compare
         * @param <T> the type of the compared objects
         * @return the maximum value, or {@code null} if both values are {@code null}.
         *         If only one value is {@code null}, the non {@code null} values is
         *         returned.
         */
        public static <T> T
        max(final Comparator<? super T> comp, final T a, final T b) {
                return a != null ? b != null ? comp.compare(a, b) >= 0 ? a : b : a : b;
        }


        /* *************************************************************************
         *  Some static factory methods.
         * ************************************************************************/

        /**
         * Return a {@code Collector} which calculates the minimum and maximum value.
         * The given {@code comparator} is used for comparing two objects.
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final Comparator<SomeObject> comparator = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
         * final Stream<SomeObject> stream = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
         * final MinMax<SomeObject> moments = stream
         *     .collect(doubleMoments.toMinMax(comparator));
         * }
         *
         * @param comparator the {@code Comparator} to use
         * @param <T> the type of the input elements
         * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the min-max reduction
         * @throws java.lang.NullPointerException if the given {@code mapper} is
         *         {@code null}
         */
        public static <T> Collector<T, ?, MinMax<T>>
        toMinMax(final Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
                requireNonNull(comparator);
                return Collector.of(
                        () -> MinMax.of(comparator),
                        MinMax::accept,
                        MinMax::combine
                );
        }

        /**
         * Return a {@code Collector} which calculates the minimum and maximum value.
         * The <i>reducing</i> objects must be comparable.
         * <p>
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final Stream<SomeObject> stream = null; // @replace substring='null' replacement="..."
         * final MinMax<SomeObject> moments = stream
         *     .collect(doubleMoments.toMinMax(comparator));
         * }
         *
         * @param <C> the type of the input elements
         * @return a {@code Collector} implementing the min-max reduction
         * @throws java.lang.NullPointerException if the given {@code mapper} is
         *         {@code null}
         */
        public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>>
        Collector<C, ?, MinMax<C>> toMinMax() {
                return toMinMax(Comparator.naturalOrder());
        }

        /**
         * Create a new {@code MinMax} <i>consumer</i> with the given
         * {@link java.util.Comparator}.
         *
         * @param comparator the comparator used for comparing two elements
         * @param <T> the element type
         * @return a new {@code MinMax} <i>consumer</i>
         * @throws java.lang.NullPointerException if the {@code comparator} is
         *         {@code null}.
         */
        public static <T> MinMax<T> of(final Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
                return new MinMax<>(comparator);
        }

        /**
         * Create a new {@code MinMax} <i>consumer</i>.
         *
         * @param <C> the element type
         * @return a new {@code MinMax} <i>consumer</i>
         */
        public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>> MinMax<C> of() {
                return of(Comparator.naturalOrder());
        }


        /* *************************************************************************
         *  Some "flat" mapper functions.
         * ************************************************************************/

        /**
         * Return a new flat-mapper function, which guarantees a strictly increasing
         * stream, from an arbitrarily ordered source stream. Note that this
         * function doesn't sort the stream. It <em>just</em> skips the <em>out of
         * order</em> elements.
         * <p>
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final ISeq<Integer> values = new Random().ints(0, 100)
         *     .boxed()
         *     .limit(100)
         *     .flatMap(MinMax.toStrictlyIncreasing())
         *     .collect(ISeq.toISeq());
         *
         * System.out.println(values);
         * // [6,47,65,78,96,96,99]
         * }
         *
         * @since 5.0
         *
         * @param <C> the comparable type
         * @return a new flat-mapper function
         */
        public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>>
        Function<C, Stream<C>> toStrictlyIncreasing() {
                return Streams.toStrictlyIncreasing();
        }

        /**
         * Return a new flat-mapper function, which guarantees a strictly decreasing
         * stream, from an arbitrarily ordered source stream. Note that this
         * function doesn't sort the stream. It <em>just</em> skips the <em>out of
         * order</em> elements.
         * <p>
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final ISeq<Integer> values = new Random().ints(0, 100)
         *     .boxed()
         *     .limit(100)
         *     .flatMap(MinMax.toStrictlyDecreasing())
         *     .collect(ISeq.toISeq());
         *
         * System.out.println(values);
         * // [45,32,15,12,3,1]
         * }
         *
         * @since 5.0
         *
         * @param <C> the comparable type
         * @return a new flat-mapper function
         */
        public static <C extends Comparable<? super C>>
        Function<C, Stream<C>> toStrictlyDecreasing() {
                return Streams.toStrictlyDecreasing();
        }

        /**
         * Return a new flat-mapper function, which guarantees a strictly improving
         * stream, from an arbitrarily ordered source stream. Note that this
         * function doesn't sort the stream. It <em>just</em> skips the <em>out of
         * order</em> elements.
         * <p>
         * {@snippet lang="java":
         * final ISeq<Integer> values = new Random().ints(0, 100)
         *     .boxed()
         *     .limit(100)
         *     .flatMap(MinMax.toStrictlyImproving(Comparator.naturalOrder()))
         *     .collect(ISeq.toISeq());
         *
         * System.out.println(values);
         * // [6,47,65,78,96,96,99]
         * }
         *
         * @since 6.0
         *
         * @see #toStrictlyIncreasing()
         * @see #toStrictlyDecreasing()
         *
         * @param <T> the element type
         * @param comparator the comparator used for testing the elements
         * @return a new flat-mapper function
         */
        public static <T> Function<T, Stream<T>>
        toStrictlyImproving(final Comparator<? super T> comparator) {
                return Streams.toStrictlyImproving(comparator);
        }

}